2026/2027 WAEC/GCE Agriculture Objective and Essay Questions and Answers

PAPER 1

OBJECTIVE TEST

Time Allowed: 1 Hour 30 Minutes

Instructions to Candidates

1. Answer all questions.
2. Choose the correct option from A–D.
3. Each question carries equal marks.
4. Use HB pencil where necessary.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (1–60)

1. Agriculture is defined as the

A. processing of minerals
B. cultivation of crops and rearing of animals
C. buying and selling of goods
D. manufacturing of tools

Answer: B

2. One importance of agriculture is that it

A. causes pollution
B. provides food
C. increases unemployment
D. discourages trade

Answer: B

3. Subsistence farming is mainly practiced for

A. export purposes
B. commercial purposes
C. family consumption
D. industrial use

Answer: C

4. Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil to

A. absorb water only
B. support crop growth
C. prevent erosion
D. increase temperature

Answer: B

5. The topmost layer of soil is called

A. subsoil
B. parent rock
C. topsoil
D. bedrock

Answer: C

6. Sandy soil is characterized by

A. poor drainage
B. high water retention
C. large particles
D. compact texture

Answer: C

7. Which of the following improves soil fertility?

A. Bush burning
B. Crop rotation
C. Overgrazing
D. Erosion

Answer: B

8. Humus is formed from

A. decomposed organic matter
B. mineral rocks
C. sand particles
D. fertilizers only

Answer: A

9. Soil erosion can be controlled through

A. overgrazing
B. bush burning
C. cover cropping
D. deforestation

Answer: C

10. The process by which green plants manufacture food is called

A. respiration
B. transpiration
C. photosynthesis
D. germination

Answer: C

11. A seed begins to grow through

A. pollination
B. fertilization
C. germination
D. budding

Answer: C

12. Maize belongs to the family of

A. legumes
B. cereals
C. vegetables
D. tubers

Answer: B

13. Cassava is propagated mainly by

A. seeds
B. bulbs
C. stem cuttings
D. leaves

Answer: C

14. Crop rotation helps to

A. increase pest attack
B. maintain soil fertility
C. reduce crop yield
D. encourage erosion

Answer: B

15. Weeds compete with crops for

A. sunlight, nutrients and water
B. fertilizers only
C. pesticides only
D. carbon dioxide only

Answer: A

16. An example of a leguminous crop is

A. maize
B. millet
C. cowpea
D. rice

Answer: C

17. Farm animals kept for milk production are mainly

A. goats
B. cattle
C. poultry
D. rabbits

Answer: B

18. The housing system where birds move freely is called

A. battery cage
B. deep litter
C. free range
D. fold unit

Answer: C

19. A disease caused by bacteria in poultry is

A. coccidiosis
B. Newcastle disease
C. fowl cholera
D. ringworm

Answer: C

20. Vaccination is carried out to

A. increase animal weight only
B. prevent diseases
C. improve feeding
D. increase fertility only

Answer: B

21. A mature female cattle is called

A. bull
B. calf
C. cow
D. ram

Answer: C

22. Castration in farm animals helps to

A. improve breeding
B. control reproduction
C. reduce feeding
D. prevent grazing

Answer: B

23. Concentrated feeds contain high amount of

A. nutrients
B. water
C. fibre only
D. sand particles

Answer: A

24. The process of removing horns from livestock is called

A. docking
B. debeaking
C. dehorning
D. castration

Answer: C

25. Poultry birds reared mainly for egg production are called

A. broilers
B. layers
C. cockerels
D. chicks

Answer: B

2026/2027 WAEC/GCE Agriculture Objective and Essay Questions and Answers

26. An example of a farm tool is

A. cutlass
B. tractor
C. harrow
D. combine harvester

Answer: A

27. Farm mechanization refers to the use of

A. fertilizers only
B. machines in farming
C. irrigation only
D. pesticides only

Answer: B

28. The machine used for ploughing is

A. planter
B. harvester
C. tractor
D. sheller

Answer: C

29. Irrigation is important because it

A. destroys crops
B. supplies water to crops
C. reduces soil fertility
D. encourages erosion

Answer: B

30. The practice of growing fish is called

A. apiculture
B. horticulture
C. pisciculture
D. floriculture

Answer: C

31. The rearing of bees is known as

A. pisciculture
B. apiculture
C. sericulture
D. viticulture

Answer: B

32. Forestry involves the management of

A. crops only
B. livestock only
C. forests and forest resources
D. fish ponds only

Answer: C

33. Afforestation means

A. cutting down trees
B. planting trees
C. burning forests
D. clearing bushes

Answer: B

34. The branch of agriculture dealing with flowers is

A. floriculture
B. horticulture
C. agronomy
D. apiculture

Answer: A

35. Agricultural extension services help farmers through

A. taxation
B. training and education
C. punishment
D. importation only

Answer: B

36. Farm records are important because they

A. waste time
B. help in farm planning
C. reduce profits
D. discourage production

Answer: B

37. Demand and supply influence

A. crop diseases
B. market prices
C. soil texture
D. pollination

Answer: B

38. The process of preserving crops after harvest is called

A. cultivation
B. harvesting
C. storage
D. transplanting

Answer: C

39. A pesticide used to kill insects is

A. herbicide
B. fungicide
C. insecticide
D. rodenticide

Answer: C

40. Herbicides are used to control

A. insects
B. weeds
C. rodents
D. fungi

Answer: B

41. Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from

A. ovary to stigma
B. stigma to anther
C. anther to stigma
D. ovule to ovary

Answer: C

42. Cross-pollination usually results in

A. weak plants only
B. variation in crops
C. reduced yield always
D. sterile seeds

Answer: B

43. A balanced ration contains

A. one nutrient only
B. all nutrients in correct proportion
C. proteins only
D. carbohydrates only

Answer: B

44. The male reproductive organ of a flower is

A. stigma
B. ovary
C. pistil
D. stamen

Answer: D

45. The female reproductive organ of a flower is

A. stamen
B. pistil
C. filament
D. anther

Answer: B

46. Organic manure is obtained from

A. chemical industries
B. decomposed plant and animal waste
C. mining activities
D. crude oil

Answer: B

47. One disadvantage of bush burning is that it

A. improves soil organisms
B. destroys soil nutrients
C. increases humus content
D. improves crop yield permanently

Answer: B

2026 WAEC Agriculture Objective and Essay Questions and Answers

48. Mixed farming involves

A. only crop production
B. only animal rearing
C. crop production and animal rearing together
D. fishing only

Answer: C

49. The ideal temperature for poultry production is maintained through

A. ventilation
B. starvation
C. overcrowding
D. isolation only

Answer: A

50. A common parasite of livestock is

A. tick
B. maize weevil
C. aphid
D. grasshopper

Answer: A

51. The method of conserving forage for livestock is

A. tillage
B. silage making
C. transplanting
D. mulching

Answer: B

52. Farm credit can be obtained from

A. commercial banks
B. extension workers only
C. fishermen
D. transport unions

Answer: A

53. Land tenure system refers to

A. ownership and use of land
B. cultivation of crops
C. processing of food
D. marketing of produce

Answer: A

54. One factor affecting agricultural production is

A. climate
B. religion
C. fashion
D. language

Answer: A

55. Green manure improves soil by

A. increasing erosion
B. adding organic matter
C. reducing nutrients
D. hardening the soil

Answer: B

56. A disease caused by fungi in crops is

A. rust
B. cholera
C. anthrax
D. tuberculosis

Answer: A

57. The process of removing unwanted plants from farmland is

A. harvesting
B. thinning
C. weeding
D. transplanting

Answer: C

58. Thinning is done to

A. reduce plant population
B. increase weeds
C. encourage overcrowding
D. destroy seedlings

Answer: A

59. The main aim of agricultural economics is to

A. reduce production
B. maximize profit
C. increase diseases
D. encourage wastage

Answer: B

60. Agricultural development contributes to

A. food security and economic growth
B. unemployment only
C. decrease in trade
D. industrial collapse

Answer: A

PAPER 2

ESSAY QUESTIONS

Time Allowed: 2 Hours

Instructions to Candidates

1. Answer five questions only.
2. All questions carry equal marks.
3. Illustrate your answers with diagrams where necessary.

QUESTION 1

Define agriculture and state five importance of agriculture to the economy.

ANSWER

Agriculture is the science and practice of crop cultivation and animal rearing for human use.

Importance of Agriculture

1. Provision of food for the population
2. Supply of raw materials for industries
3. Employment opportunities
4. Generation of foreign exchange
5. Contribution to national income

QUESTION 2

Explain five methods of maintaining soil fertility.

ANSWER

1. Crop rotation — planting different crops alternately to maintain nutrients.
2. Application of fertilizers — adds nutrients to the soil.
3. Use of organic manure — improves soil structure and fertility.
4. Mulching — conserves soil moisture and nutrients.
5. Cover cropping — prevents erosion and improves fertility.

QUESTION 3

Discuss five effects of pests on crop production.

ANSWER

1. Reduction in crop yield
2. Destruction of crops
3. Transmission of diseases
4. Reduction in market value
5. Increased cost of production

2026/2027 WAEC/GCE Agriculture Objective and Essay Questions and Answers

QUESTION 4

State five importance of farm records.

ANSWER

1. Helps in farm planning
2. Assists in determining profit and loss
3. Helps farmers obtain loans
4. Improves decision making
5. Assists in monitoring farm progress

QUESTION 5

Explain the importance of livestock in agriculture.

ANSWER

1. Provision of meat, milk and eggs
2. Source of income to farmers
3. Supply of manure
4. Provision of hides and skins
5. Source of employment

QUESTION 6

Describe the symptoms, prevention and control of Newcastle disease in poultry.

ANSWER

Symptoms

1. Sneezing and coughing
2. Weakness
3. Loss of appetite
4. Drop in egg production

Prevention and Control

1. Vaccination
2. Proper sanitation
3. Isolation of infected birds
4. Proper feeding and management

QUESTION 7

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of farm mechanization.

ANSWER

Advantages

1. Saves labour
2. Increases productivity
3. Reduces farm work stress
4. Enhances large-scale farming

Disadvantages

1. High cost of machines
2. Unemployment of labourers
3. High maintenance cost
4. Soil compaction

QUESTION 8

Explain the roles of agricultural extension agents to farmers.

ANSWER

1. Educating farmers on modern techniques
2. Distributing improved seedlings
3. Demonstrating farm practices
4. Assisting farmers in solving problems
5. Linking farmers with government programs